Discuss Wharton’s presentation of the character development of Newland Archer Free Essays

The character of Newland Archer is presented in this passage through his meditations on a range of issues. The scene is set directly after an Archer family dinner with a friend, Sillerton Jackson. Archer’s reflections give us a glimpse into the way he thinks and the sort of person he is. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss Wharton’s presentation of the character development of Newland Archer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Initially we learn about Archer himself and his background, he is from a wealthy family, with ever â€Å"vigilant † servants, â€Å"bronze† statuettes and his own study. We can also see from the description of the study that he is cultured, intelligent and well read. The passage allows us to see a little of his history, especially of the tale of his romance with May Welland. Her â€Å"large photograph† has displaced all others on his table, signifying that she and no other is first in his affections. Archer’s view of their impending marriage is initially that he will be her â€Å"soul’s custodian†, showing that it will be a very traditional relationship, that she is naive compared to him, and that he must protect and enlighten her. He was taught that marriage to May would be like â€Å"safe anchorage† in life but he tells us his belief is changing, that he believes it may be like a â€Å"voyage on uncharted seas†. This clear nautical imagery lets us see how Archer is coming to doubt his previously unquestioned conventional beliefs – â€Å"old settled convictions† – and that it may be dangerous for him to go into this marriage so unprepared. He is moving on, intellectually, questioning what he once held firm. Archer’s attitude to his relationship with May is inextricably linked to his basic conventional traditional mindset. He sees himself and May as key players in a courtship ritual that they possibly could become stereotypical examples of people â€Å"linked by ignorance on the one side and hypocrisy on the other†. In a way he believes this is inevitable due to the society they both belong to, but it is not what he wants from marriage. He desires â€Å"passionate and tender comradeship† with May in their marriage; he loves her â€Å"sincerely†. However her attitude to her character shows that he does not fully understand her. He sees her as partly as an † artificial product† produced by her family, her up bringing, making her innocent and frank. He feels this is wrong that she has somehow been denied the right to be a full person, as she has been denied the experience of life, social, cultural and sexual, that he has been allowed to explore. He feels what has been created in her personality is false, but somehow we get the impression that this is something that has been hard for him to come across. He sees her as less than him intellectually, as she is not educated as he has been, in the arts and literature, and therefore senses her comprehension is less, when really it may just be her lack of exposure to his amount of learning. Newland Archer’s relationship with the women soon to be his cousin through his impending marriage to May, Ellen Olenska, is that this point in the novel, still slight. He knows her partially through acquaintance but mostly through gossip. The way he thinks of her as â€Å"Countess† shows the distance and formality between them and he does believe that she has done something reprehensible that requires â€Å"championship†. This shows that although he believes † Women should be free†, this will never really apply to New York standards and he resents the â€Å"coil of scandal† her arrival has placed him in. Her arrival and the talk surrounding it seems to have acted as a catalyst to his thought patterns, hinting of a deeper relationship to come. She is this woman with foreign ways who could be â€Å"free† as men are, and she makes Newland aware of the implications and reality of his betrothal. Newland Archer’s character development is presented throughout the passage as a struggle between what he did believe in and what he is coming to doubt the validity of through new experiences and thoughts. His attitude to society is important as it stands for his old conventional self, and his reactions to its dictates, especially on the theme of marriage, show how he is maturing and thinking independently. The imagery he uses to describe New York society are important, â€Å"conventions that tied things together and bound people down† – this rope imagery suggests the constricting nature of tradition and how it hods all subject to it captive. The irony betrayed by Edith Wharton’s’ tone in the presentation of the conscious thoughts of Newland Archer shows the slightly ridiculous nature of New York society. The situation Archer is in regarding his own defence of Countess Olenska is ironic, as he would be forced to condemn May should she ever behave similarly to her cousin. Another irony in the passage is the description of the state of typical New York high society marriages as having an â€Å"enviable ideal† when frankly they are in a pitiable state. Lefferts is described as the â€Å"high priest of form† when really he has no substance or true beliefs and is truly hypocritical, especially in regard to his treatment of Beaufort’s affairs. The behaviour of Mrs Welland’s simulated reluctance at the announcement of the engagement when really she expected it is sarcastically commented on showing the double standards between what is said and what is expected throughout New York society. Edith Wharton uses conflicting ideas within Newland Archer’s mind to effectively present a man who is changing and developing into a deeper way of thinking about his own life and society in general. 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Accounting Theories and Current Issues

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theories and Current Issues. Answer: Introduction There are existences of issues which are complex and interconnected in nature while the production of food for increasing global population is concerned. These are including increasing demand for protein, conflicts arising from use of land, concerns related to biodiversity, the limitation of regulatory matters, change of global weather with the impact of global warming, standard of animal welfare, the trend of health of global population the use of energy, constraints of nutrients and many other factors. There are global organizations whoa re working on this field like UN Food and Agriculture Organization, The Government Office for Science in London, and PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency had concluded that the role of fish farming plays a vital role to be the part of future food production and this information is going to be great for all stakeholders who are engaged in aquaculture value chain. One of the main components of the term aquaculture is meant to be the compatible aquaculture feed which keeps the ecological balance of aquatic system of the world. The main impact of production of this aquaculture feed is to keep the global water resource free from any sort of pollution and thus ensures the environmental issue related to pollution of aquatic resources of the world making free of any such element which can damage the ecological balance of the global water resources. The term sustainable aquaculture needs the utilisation of sustainable aquaculture feed. The production of the feed and its subsequent use maintains the parity of environment. The utilisation of fish feed and the fish oil resources ensure maintenance of ecological balance of other used earthly items and by energy use and allied generation of direct and indirect emission of green house gases. EWOS is the organization which is deployed in mitigating these harmful impacts through their constant endeavour by i nvesting in the research and development process and thus generates the positive result towards improving the situation of over time which is significant on the scale of effort and achievement in this aspect. Three are constant efforts to explore the different aspects of feed sustainability which are being done through Integrated Management Systems, sourcing, functional feeds, marine resources and alternative proteins. These areas need constant research for development to ensure feed sustainability and they are the areas in which long time investment is required for R D. These are the steps which are helpful towards further development of aquaculture industry through its journey which is aimed at more sustainable industry of fish feed. Further innovative ideas in this domain towards development of products along with services to the customers will be the core area of functioning of EWOS business which is aimed in future objective (EWOS, 2012). This article is based on the facts of the Bio Sustainable Feeds Ltd. a company based in Australia with the listing in ASX (Australian Stock Exchange) and is engaged in the process of making researches on the fish feed with the are of operation in the status of bio-research firms for last two decades. In this present article we will discuss their activities related R D and the accounting implication of those activities along with the social aspects of their activities. Nature and Value to Society Bio Sustainable Feeds Ltd The area of operation is taken by BSF Ltd is for the purpose of doing research and development in the area of sustainable fish feed. It is mainly required for the maintenance of environment with ecological balance of the world to be kept in systematic placement so that the environment with green gas emission effect is mitigated. The research is concentrated in the area of fish feed only. The nature of work taken up by the company is mainly concentrated is research in the field of aquaculture feed with sustainability and it is concentrating with the component of plant terrestrial plant based feed like canola, corn, soya-bean, sunflower etc. for the big fishes like salmon, trout, tuna etc. This work and respective r D enhances the value to the society which in turn reduces the pollution and emission of green gas. The role of BSH towards exploration of sustainable fish feed adds value to the society by way of using the earthly material and thus helps the society towards ensuring sustai nability in long run to make the world liveable for the human kind. Problems Early Research by BSF The early research of BSF had been done on the products of plant based feed like canola, corn, soya bean, sunflower etc. This research had costing of $ 360 million AUD out of which the utility of AUD 120 Million is not produced expected result when the fish feed was unable to produce the growth of the fishes like tuna, salmon, trout up to the mark. All these fishes are high value fishes and if the research work does not produce good result so far the growth of those fishes are concerned, the objective of this research is going to be failed. The main objectives of the earlier research was two-fold- first to ensure that the environment is secured with the earthly ingredients and secondly the fish feed should serve the purpose of standard return on the growth of the fish who are fed. When the second aspect is not met, the problem is to justify the result of the research and subsequent development. The development of any research is justified with the cot incurred and the expected result found. It is found that the research could not produce the expected result so far the growth of the high-value fishes are concerned and thus the research had faced set back which was not anticipated and the problems thus found in the early research work of BSF ltd(Chung, 2016). Research and Development- Definition and Discussion The definition of Research and development is globally accepted and circulated in the Frascati Manual 6th edition chapter 2, pages 30-48. This definition implies that any type of work with the nature of creativeness is being undertaken in a systematic process for the purpose increasing the knowledge bank, which includes the knowledge of human, with culture and society with the objective of deployment of that knowledge for new applications. The term, R D is covering three activities which are consisting of basic research, applied research and experimental development. Basic research is instrumental for undertaking work which is in the nature of experimental or theoretical for the purpose of acquiring new knowledge base of the basic foundation of occurrence and which is supported by facts derived from observation without any specific application or utilisation in view. Applied research is also done from unique investigation which had been undertaken for the purpose of acquiring new knowledge. This type of research is basically intended for an explicit practical objective. Experimental development is the work which is done systematically with purview of present scope of knowledge which is being acquired from research and practical experience which is instrumental towards production of new processes, systems and services, or for the purpose of improvement of the existing products or services with substantial scale. There are also other situations which had been noticed in the Frascati Manual for the activities which should not be included in R D. The list consist of normal test and analysis of goods, ingredients, finished goods, the process management adopted, studies to derive the feasibility, normal development of software and collection of data for general purpose with the exception of PhD to be accepted as per the definition of research. The preliminary aspect of starting a project is to define it as research as per the definition. There are other criteria to find a job as research like sheer confirmation of any standard understanding is not to be defined as research. At the same time a project with commercial evaluation should not be the criteria to declare that as research. (UCL, 2015) R D is a continuous process and it is analogy in nature rather than digital. For the basic four segmentation of research, basic research is defined with the targets to discover as broad which is mainly applied for the scientists and researchers who are looking for capacity with efficiency in perspective of articulated broad market or needs which are mainly focused to needs of the customers. The valuation of patent is mainly based on accounting standard. The AASB 138 is followed to measure the value of the assets. The intangible assets shall have to be valued according to the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset. The assessment of the value of assets is to be depended on expected future economic benefits and it has to be based on supportable assumptions. In case the patent is acquired then the price of the patent decided on the basis of the price at arms length is to be recognised as the value of the asset (Aasb, 2009). Applied research is meant for some specified targeted objectives with the consideration of known problems, opportunity for any business to able availed, or the area of application by which economic or social objective for enhancement is possible. Advanced development is opting for the possible and probable solution with the feasibility test with the addition objective of mitigating the risk factor with the option of finding out the best possible alternatives for the purpose of development of existing product. (Goldense, 2015) Fair Market Value Patent- Assumption and Calculation To discuss about the Fair Market Value Patent, we have to understand the definition of patent. Patent is defined as intellectual property which is being generated by any organization through the research and developmental work undertaken by them which adds value to the performance of the company through the application of that work for commercialization purpose. As patent is a type of intangible asset in nature, the valuation of the same needs different level of assumptions and calculation. Patent is mainly to safeguard the innovative ideas and subsequent findings made by an individual or an organization through the protection of law and the valuation of patent is required in case of any sort of merger, acquisition or other steps to capitalise the patent for the sake of the business. It is often found that the patent has limited life period and after then the patent is going to be open for all(NMBU, 2013). To find out the fair value of any patent different assumptions and calculations are required. The assumptions are depending upon the method of calculation of valuation of patent. Mainly patents are required for earmarking the output fro R D activities of any organization. It may be found required to evaluate the patent and the same should be done scientifically so far it is possible with the help of proper process and assumptions(NMBU, 2013). Here is the calculation of the patent value will either be dependent on the market price of the patent acquired or on the basis of the future economic benefits. The fair market value of the patent will be carried as the assets in the statement of financial position after deducting any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses thereon (Aasb, 2009). Here the value of the patent will be shown assets in the statement of financial position with the value of $700 million. If the patent is sold for 10 years it would fetch $200 million a year. This simply values the patent at $2000 million. The different approaches towards evaluating the patent are- a) cost approach, sales comparison approach, income approach. Out of these three approaches the cost approach is most acceptable fair market value approach. The assumptions of different valuation approaches are as:- Sales comparison approach- in this case the assumptions should be concentrated to the limit of the similarities and the dissimilarities related to the said patent for the specified product or service. The assumption should be supported with the data and it should support the evaluation of patent. Cost based approach- the basic assumptions on cast based approach valuation should consider the decisions of components of historic R D which can have the ability to replace the intangible assets derived from that R D which has relevance to the replacement of the asset, adjustment due to inflationary impact, and provisions of obsolescence. Journal Entries The respective accounting journal entries related to the patent and R D operations of BSF Ltd. are being given below :- Date Particulars Debit Credit 01.07.2013 Cash A/c debit 500 million CSIRO grant a/c Credit 500 million towards receipt of grant from CSIRO 25.08.2014 Research a/c debit 160 million Cash A/c Credit 160 million towards expenses incurred in research 20.09.2015 Research and Development a/c debit 340 million Cash A/c Credit 340 million towards expenses incurred in research 28.12.2015 Cash A/c debit 693.06 million Accumulated Patent Amortization A/C Credit 500 million Gain On Sale Of Patent A/C Credit 193.06 million Patent sold at $700 milion 01.03.2016 Cash A/c debit 1928.58 million Accumulated Patent Amortization A/C Credit 500 million Gain On Sale Of Patent A/C Credit 1428.58 million Patent sold at $2000 million Discounting factor is 8% Patent sold for 2 years and therefore first years income is assumed at 350 million and for second year 350 million Patent for the second year of 350 million is calculated at NPV Sale of Patent for 10 years with annual income 200 million is also to be calculated at NPV NPV Patent 2 yrs Patent 10 yrs Investment -500 -500 Y1 350 200 Y2 350 200 Y3 200 Y4 200 Y5 200 Y6 200 Y7 200 Y8 200 Y9 200 Y10 200 NPV $693.06 $1,928.58 Discounting factor 8% The following points to be highlighted so far the activities are covered by journal entries:- CSIRO grant amount is being received by BSF in 2013 for the purpose of grant to facilitate the research and development activities towards aquaculture feed. The amount received from CSIRO is debited to cash as the same amount inflated the cash accumulation of the company. To earmark the amount from the specific donor, the account is being named as CSIRO gain A/c. The valuation of intangible assets is to be done on the basis of AASB 138. BSF Ltd is a Australian company and the Australian companies do have to follow AASB 138 for the valuation of patents and other intangible assets. As patent is considered to be intangible assets, therefore the valuation has to be according to AASB 138. Exclusive Control over Patent by BSF In Australia, two types of patents are allowed which are known as standard patent and innovation patent. For these patents the filing of provisional application or international protection may be sought for. Standard patents are those patents which offer long term protection and control to identified innovative concept while it has got life of up to 20 years from the date of filing an application. The concept of patent must be new with some innovative steps incurred for the use in industry. It is also obvious that the invention must be powered with some innovative steps which had not been exercised earlier for derivation of any product through the aid of technology. The adopted technology should be unique and not at par with already existing technology, instead it should adopt some different technology. The assessment of value of patent is entirely dependent on the management and its policies on the patent use. BSF Ltds management is of the opinion that this patent will be used for next 10 years and would contribute significantly to the business of the company, they can value the patent on the basis of the income it would generate in coming 10 years. Innovation patents are mainly for the products with short market life duration and mainly applied for computer based inventions(Sarkar et al., 2016). In this case of BSF, the product in question is covered by standard patents and needs the filing of application for the same to get the patent secured from theft. The claim of BSF will be only valid when the patent issuing authority will issue the patent with subsequent protection of the patent for a reasonable period of time as per Patent Act 1990. Normally the ownership of intellectual property lies with the organization which made cost for this effort and the ideal situation will allow him only to enjoy the benefit of this innovation. The assertion such made by BSF is not at all full proof as the Australian Law related to patent Act 1990 implies that there are certain provisions through which such assertion cant be reasonable. Chapter 9 u/s 27of this act has different provisions which include intervention of examination process, opposition, revocation and re-examination which can defy the right after application.(2016, p.australian Government) References Aasb, 2009. Intangible Assets. [Online] www.aasb.gov.au Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB138_07-04_COMPjun09_07-09.pdf [Accessed 15 September 2016]. Anon., 2012. fish forever. [Online] Available at: https://www.ewos.com/wps/wcm/connect/6e703148-9c92-437a-9ac5-1046fd27d3c0/Spotlight+5.pdf?MOD=AJPERESCONVERT_TO=url [Accessed September 2016]. Chung, E., 2016. Shift to plant-based fish feed could hurt health, environment. [Online] Available at: https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/aquaculture-feed-1.3262922 [Accessed 14 September 2016]. EWOS, 2012. Fish Foreever. [Online] Available at: https://www.ewos.com/wps/wcm/connect/6e703148-9c92-437a-9ac5-1046fd27d3c0/Spotlight+5.pdf?MOD=AJPERESCONVERT_TO=url [Accessed 13 September 2016]. Goldense, B.L., 2015. The Difference Between Research and Development. [Online] Available at: https://www.rdmag.com/article/2015/02/difference-between-research-and-development [Accessed 13 September 2016]. Government, A., 2016. Types of Patents. [Online] Available at: https://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/patents/understanding-patents/types-patents [Accessed 13 September 2016]. NMBU, 2013. Fish feed-research may help reduce world hunger. [Online] Available at: https://sciencenordic.com/fish-feed-research-may-help-reduce-world-hunger [Accessed 14 September 2016]. Sarkar, P., Kapuscinski, A., Lanois, A. al, E., 2016. Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Complete Substitution of Fish Oil with Marine Microalga Schizochytrium sp. Improves Growth and Fatty Acid Deposition in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). [Online] Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0156684 [Accessed 14 September 2016]. UCL, 2015. Finance and Business Affairs. [Online] Available at: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/finance/fba-teams/research-services/pre-award/definition-research [Accessed 13 September 2016].

Child abuse occurs like a virus. Child abuse remai Essay Example For Students

Child abuse occurs like a virus. Child abuse remai Essay ns not only an individual or family problem but a societal problem. Children who survive abuse grow up more plausible to negatively impact society in many ways. The effects of child abuse on its victims are devastating and life-long. The effects on society are pervasive. Many possible outcomes exist for children experiencing abuse, which range from mild, almost unnoticeable personality effects to full-blown breakdowns in healthy functioning. Effects of child abuse implement various critical problems: physical, psychological, and behavioral. The first significant dilemma triggered by child abuse includes physical oppression. The usual physical abuse scenario involves a parent who losses control and lashes out at a child. The source may be normal child behavior that causes the parent to house deep-rooted negative feelings toward their children. These types of situations lead to numerous complications for the children and may cause a child to display fearful behavior. For example, the child may have a fear of physical contact causing the child to shrink back if touched. The child might not participate in sports containing physical contact. In addition to the fear of physical contact, children have the fear of people they know closely. The child will display signs of not wanting to be around these people because of their experience with abuse. They believe that everyone they know, love and trust will abuse them. Along with this, the child will exhibit indication of not wanting medical help. They try to hide the injuries afraid of what will happen if anyone finds out. The child gives a skeptical excuse has to how the injury or injuries occurred. They try to hide injuries by covering them up even if the weather is hot. Along with excuses come the unexplainable or reoccurrence of injuries. For instance, a child may state a different story each time an injury is explained to someone. The explanation of the injury does not relate to the story the child tells. A child conceals the truth afraid of what might happens if anyone come across what is going on. Another example reveals that the child may refuse to undress in front of others obviously to hide the possibility of bruises, welts, burns or other injuries noticed on the body. A childs health problems are associated closely with abuse. For example, one of the most prominent problems is impaired development. Impaired brain development establishes when important regions of the brain fail to form properly. It causes the child fail in skills that normal children their age succeed in. Along with development problems, stress exists as a major factor. Stress can cause the child to have weight problems, which typically are eating disorders. Other stress related problems can occur, such as, migraines, gastrointestinal problems, or hypertension just to name a few. In addition to all this, death can result from abuse especially in babies. Children less than one are vulnerable to injury from shaking and that is recognized as shaken baby syndrome. Parents tend to snatch the child up and just start shaking them. The physical mistreatment a child receives from abuse can overwhelm them and their future. The second catastrophic obstacle incorporated with child abuse deals with psychological cruelty. The immediate emotional effects of abuse can translate into life-long struggles for a child. Child abuse may permanently alter the psychological well-being of a child. Inappropriate control represents one of the main causes of alteration of the psychological well- being and it is present in three forms. Lack of control puts children at risk for danger to themselves and robs them of knowledge handed down through human history. In a situation like this, the parent or abuser has no control over anything he or she does. .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 , .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .postImageUrl , .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 , .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7:hover , .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7:visited , .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7:active { border:0!important; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7:active , .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7 .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec4cce93b720ba15567193794cbfdbe7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Downy Woodpecker Essay Over control prevents children from exploring the world around them and deprives children of opportunities for self-assertion and self-development. Inconsistent control causes anxiety and confusion in children. It can lead to a variety of problematic behaviors. In addition, withdrawal is experienced in many different environments. Children may start performing poorly in school and lack interest in any hobbies or extracurricular activities. The children may see themselves without a future due to the absence of any goals. Children can possibly abandon their friends. The child may believe that no one can be trusted. When the abuse take place at home the child finds an excuse to stay away or even run away from home completely. Children use these situations as a way to escape from their life. Furthermore, a childs emotions are damaged when dealing with abuse. Belittling a child can cause them to see .

The Sobibor Death Camp

The Sobibor Death Camp The Sobibor Death Camp was one of the Nazis best-kept secrets. When Toivi Blatt, one of the very few survivors of the camp, approached a well-known survivor of Auschwitz in 1958 with a manuscript he had written about his experiences, he was told, You have a tremendous imagination. Ive never heard of Sobibor and especially not of Jews revolting there.  The secrecy of the Sobibor death camp was too successful; its victims and survivors were being disbelieved and forgotten. The Sobibor Death Camp did exist, and a revolt by the Sobibor prisoners did occur. Within this death camp, in operation for only 18 months, at least 250,000 men, women, and children were murdered. Only 48 Sobibor prisoners survived the war. Establishment   Sobibor was the second of three death camps to be established as part of Aktion Reinhard (the other two were Belzec and Treblinka). The location of this death camp was a small village called Sobibor, in the Lublin district of eastern Poland, chosen because of its general isolation as well as its proximity to a railway. Construction on the camp began in March 1942, overseen by SS Obersturmfà ¼hrer Richard Thomalla. Since construction was behind schedule by early April 1942, Thomalla was replaced by SS Obersturmfà ¼hrer Franz Stangl, a veteran of the Nazi euthanasia program. Stangl remained commandant of Sobibor from April until August 1942, when he was transferred to Treblinka (where he became commandant) and replaced by SS Obersturmfà ¼hrer Franz Reichleitner. The staff of the Sobibor death camp consisted of approximately 20 SS men and 100 Ukrainian guards. By mid-April 1942, the gas chambers were ready and a test using 250 Jews from the Krychow labor camp proved them operational. Arriving at Sobibor Day and night, victims arrived at Sobibor. Though some came by truck, cart, or even by foot, many arrived by train. When trains filled with victims drew near the Sobibor train station, the trains were switched onto a spur and led into the camp. The camp gate opened wide before us. The prolonged whistle of the locomotive heralded our arrival. After a few moments we found ourselves within the camp compound. Smartly uniformed German officers met us. They rushed about before the closed freight cars and rained orders on the black-garbed Ukrainians. These stood like a flock of ravens searching for prey, ready to do their despicable work. Suddenly everyone grew silent and the order crashed like thunder, Open them up! When the doors were finally opened, the occupants treatment varied depending on whether they were from the East or the West. If Western European Jews were on the train, they descended from passenger cars, usually wearing their very best clothes. The Nazis had relatively successfully convinced them that they were being resettled in the East. To continue the charade even once they had reached Sobibor, the victims were helped from the train by camp prisoners dressed in blue uniforms and given claim tickets for their baggage. A few of these unknowing victims even offered a tip to the porters. If Eastern European Jews were the occupants of the train, they descended from cattle cars amid  shouts, screams, and beatings, for the Nazis presumed that they knew what awaited them, thus were thought more likely to revolt. Schnell, raus, raus, rechts, links! (Fast, out, out, right, left!), shouted the Nazis. I held my five-year-old son by the hand. A Ukrainian guard snatched him; I dreaded that the child would be killed, but my wife took him. I calmed down, believing I would see them again soon. Leaving their baggage on the ramp, the mass of people were ordered by SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Gustav Wagner into two lines, one with men and one with women and young children. Those too ill to walk were told by SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Hubert Gomerski that they would be taken to a hospital (Lazarett), and thus were taken aside and sat upon a cart (later a little train). Toivi Blatt was holding his mothers hand when the order came to separate into two lines. He decided to follow his father into the line of men. He turned to his mother, unsure of what to say. But for reasons I still cannot understand, out of the blue I said to my mother, And you didnt let me drink all the milk yesterday. You wanted to save some for today. Slowly and sadly she turned to look at me. This is what you think about at such a moment?To this day the scene comes back to haunt me, and I have regretted my strange remark, which turned out to be my very last words to her. The stress of the moment, under the harsh conditions, did not lend to clear thinking. Usually, the victims did not realize that this moment would be their last time to speak to or see each other. If the camp needed to replenish its workers, a guard would shout out among the lines for tailors, seamstresses, blacksmiths, and carpenters. Those who were chosen  often left brothers, fathers, mothers, sisters, and children behind in the lines. Other than those who were trained at a skill, sometimes the SS chose men or women, young boys or girls, seemingly randomly for work within the camp. Out of the thousands who stood on the ramp, perhaps a select few would be chosen. Those who were chosen would be marched off at a run to Lager I; the rest would enter through a gate that read, Sonderkommando Sobibor (special unit Sobibor). Workers Those selected to work were taken to Lager I. Here they were registered and placed in barracks. Most of these prisoners still did not realize that they were in a death camp. Many asked other prisoners when they would again be able to see their family members. Often, other prisoners told them about Sobibor, that this was a place that gassed Jews, that the smell that pervaded was dead bodies piling up, and that the fire they saw in the distance was bodies being burned. Once the new prisoners found out the truth of Sobibor, they had to come to terms with it. Some committed suicide. Some became determined to live. All were devastated. The work that these prisoners were to carry out did not help them forget this horrific news; rather, it reinforced it. All the workers within Sobibor worked within the death  process or  for the SS staff. Approximately 600 inmates worked in the  Vorlager, Lager I, and Lager II, while approximately 200 worked in the segregated Lager III. The two sets of prisoners never met, for they lived and worked apart. Workers in the  Vorlager, Lager I, and Lager II The prisoners who worked outside Lager III had a wide range of jobs. Some worked specifically for the SS, making gold trinkets, boots, clothing, cleaning cars, or feeding horses. Others worked at jobs dealing with the death process, sorting clothes, unloading and cleaning the trains, cutting wood for the  pyres, burning personal artifacts, cutting the womens hair, and so on. These workers lived daily amid fear and terror. The SS and the Ukrainian guards marched the prisoners to their work in columns, making them sing marching songs along the way. A prisoner could be beaten and whipped for simply being out of step. Sometimes prisoners were to report after work for punishments they had accrued during the day. As they were being whipped, they were forced to call out the number of lashes; if they didnt shout loud enough or if they lost count, the punishment would start over again or they would be beaten to death. Everyone at roll call was forced to watch these punishments. Though there were certain general rules one needed to know in order to live, there was no certainty about who could be a victim of SS cruelty. We were permanently terrorized. Once, a prisoner was talking to a Ukrainian guard; an SS man killed him. Another time we carried sand to decorate the garden; Frenzel [SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Karl Frenzel] took out his revolver, and shot a prisoner working at my side. Why? I still dont know. Another terror was SS Scharfà ¼hrer Paul Groths dog, Barry. On the ramp as well as in the camp, Groth would sic  Barry on a prisoner; Barry would then tear the prisoner to pieces. Though the prisoners were terrorized daily, the SS was even more dangerous when they were bored. It was then that they would create games. One such game was to sew up each leg of a prisoners pants, then put rats down them. If the prisoner moved, he would be beaten to death. Another such sadistic game began when a thin prisoner was forced to quickly drink a large quantity of vodka and then eat several pounds of sausage. Then the SS man would force the prisoners mouth open and urinate in it, laughing  as the prisoner threw up. Yet even while living with terror and death, the prisoners continued to live. The prisoners of Sobibor socialized with each other. There were approximately 150 women among the 600 prisoners, and couples soon formed. Sometimes there was dancing. Sometimes there was  lovemaking. Perhaps since the prisoners were constantly facing death, acts of life became even more important. Workers in Lager III Not much is known about the prisoners who worked in Lager III, for the Nazis kept them permanently separated from all others in the camp. The job of delivering food to the gates of Lager III was an extremely risky job. A number of times the gates of Lager III opened while the prisoners delivering food were still there, and thus the food deliverers were taken inside Lager III and never heard from again. To find out about the prisoners in Lager III, Hershel Zukerman, a cook, tried to contact them. In our kitchen we cooked the soup for camp No. 3 and Ukrainian guards used to fetch the vessels. Once I put a note in Yiddish into a dumpling, Brother, let me know what you are doing. The answer arrived, stuck to the bottom of the pot, You shouldnt have asked. People are being gassed, and we must bury them. The prisoners who worked in Lager III worked amid  the extermination process. They removed the bodies from the gas chambers, searched the bodies for valuables, then either buried them (April to the end of 1942) or burned them on pyres (end of 1942 to October 1943). These prisoners had the most emotionally wearing job, for many would find family members and friends among those they had to bury. No prisoners from Lager III survived. The Death Process Those who were not selected for work during the initial selection process stayed in the lines (except those who had been selected to go to the hospital who were taken away and directly shot). The line made up of women and children walked through the gate first, followed later by the line of men.  Along  this walkway, the victims saw houses with names like the Merry Flea and the Swallows Nest, gardens with planted flowers, and signs that pointed to showers and canteen.  All this helped deceive the unsuspecting victims, for Sobibor seemed to them too peaceful to be a place of murder. Before they reached the center of Lager II, they passed through a building where camp workers asked them to leave their small handbags and personal belongings. Once they reached the main square of Lager II, SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Hermann Michel (nicknamed the preacher) gave a short speech, similar to what is remembered by Ber Freiberg: You are leaving for the Ukraine where you will work. In order to avoid epidemics, you are going to have a disinfecting shower. Put away your clothes neatly, and remember where they are, as I shall not be with you to help to find them. All valuables must be taken to the desk. Young boys would wander among the crowd, passing out string so that they could tie their shoes together. In other camps, before the Nazis thought of this, they ended up with large piles of unmatched shoes, the pieces of string helped keep the pairs of shoes matched for the Nazis. They were to hand over their valuables through a window to a cashier (SS Oberscharfà ¼hrer Alfred Ittner). Having undressed and folded their clothes neatly in piles, the victims entered the tube labeled by the Nazis as the Himmlestrasse (Road to Heaven). This tube, approximately 10 to 13 feet wide, was constructed of barbed-wire sides that were interwoven with tree branches. Running from Lager II through the tube, the women were taken aside to a special barracks to have their hair cut off. After their hair was cut, they were taken to Lager III for their showers. Upon entering Lager III, the unknowing holocaust victims came upon a large brick building with three separate doors. Approximately 200 people were pushed through each of these three doors into what appeared to be showers, but what were really gas chambers. The doors were then closed. Outside, in a shed, an SS officer or a Ukrainian guard started the engine that produced the carbon monoxide gas. The gas entered each of these three rooms through pipes installed specifically for this purpose. As Toivi Blatt relates as he was standing near Lager II, he could hear sounds from Lager III: Suddenly I heard the sound of internal combustion engines. Immediately afterward, I heard a terribly high-pitched, yet smothered, collective cry- at first strong, surpassing the roar of the motors, then, after a few minutes, gradually weakening. My blood froze. In this way, 600 people could be killed at once. But this was not fast enough for the Nazis, so, during the fall of 1942, three additional gas chambers  of equal size were added. Then, 1,200 to 1,300 people could be killed at one time. There were two doors to each gas chamber, one where the victims walked in, and the other where the victims were dragged out. After a short time of airing out the chambers, Jewish workers were forced to pull the bodies out of the chambers, throw them into carts, and then dump them into pits. At the end of 1942, the Nazis ordered all the corpses exhumed and burned. After this time, all further victims bodies were burned upon pyres built upon wood and helped by the addition of gasoline. It is estimated that 250,000 people were killed at Sobibor.

Dos and Donts for How to Win at Missing Work

Dos and Donts for How to Win at Missing Work Whether you have some personal days in your arsenal to play hooky or need to scrounge some legitimate reasons to miss work because faking a cold isn’t going to cut it, you can probably get some mileage about of this list of Dos and Don’ts.   DoI’ve earned it.This option requires some prep work and some sweat equity. Come in early and stay late for a few days a week, then by the time you go to your boss with a request for some flex time or a day off you will have earned it. You’ll feel better about the time away, and your coworkers will appreciate you didn’t just leave them in the lurch.I’m [Doing Professional Activity] with a client.This only works if your workplace routinely has to entertain clients or meet with them outside the office. Do not say you are playing golf with a client if you are a publisher and your client is an author or if you are an administrative assistant and your client is Staples. You will also have to actually meet up with a client for some reason!I have a doctor’s appointment.The savvy timing of doctor’s appointments is one of the best, least-arguable routes to a free afternoon for Netflix and snooze. Schedule a check-up or a physical or a cleaning for 2:30 or 3:00 in the afternoon and you’ll be on your way right after lunch.I have cramps.Honestly I would be way too embarrassed to use this one- and I actually do get bodacious cramps and occasional accompanying migraines. But, if you’ve got an easily flustered male boss and are a female employee with some moxie, this could have you stopping by the drug store for ice cream and some Red Box DVDs before you know it.I’m working from home.My husband is the most honest Work-From-Homer on the planet. He applies all that extra time he saves by not commuting to the work he gets done, and then we both get to knock off together around dinnertime. This requires you to stay near your email for any pressing questions, but wi ll definitely carve the edges of your work day when you need a breather.  Noooooo. Just DONT!I’ve had a death in the family.My students are still trying this one occasionally, along with car accidents, family engagement parties that ran late, and last-minute flights back from Australia. Clichà ©s are clichà © and there’s no going back.I’m too sleepy.At my first job out of school we had an intern who fell asleep at his desk every day for at least an hour. It was baffling. It was distracting. His internship did not last longer than a month. If you can’t get enough sleep, definitely get enough caffeine.I can’t get my car out of the garage. (See also: The L train isn’t running.)Getting your car out, or taking the L, is something you have to do often enough to know how long it takes (or how to work around any common delays or obstacles).I can’t find my polling place.Apparently this is a real thing that happened and not just a sit-in pr otest for a national election holiday. Find out where you have to vote ahead of time; taking a whole day to do it is weird.I have a personal emergency.This nonspecific all-purpose band-aid for just not wanting to go to work doesn’t score you any points or make you look responsible. I know someone who uses â€Å"plumbing emergency† every month or so just so he can go in late. It’s fine if you actually have terrible plumbing (or a real emergency you can appropriately disclose later).Whatever you do or say to get the mental health days you need, don’t lie to get it, and be responsive to your coworkers when you can! I hope you and your snooze-button will be very happy together.

Research Paper of Philosophy Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Of Philosophy - Research Paper Example These are called incompatibilists and are divided into two; metaphysical libertarianism and hard determinists. Metaphysical libertarianists claim that determinism does not exist and therefore free will is at least possible. On the other hand, hard determinists argue that determinist really exists and thus free will is not possible. There are also compatibilists who hold that determinism is inevitable for free will to exist because choice is guided by preferences. Where preferences are involved, one course of action is preferred over another and in this case some senses are involved on the way the choices will be made (Goodwin 11). In this case, compatibilists have considered the debate between libertarians and hard determinists over free will and determinism as a misguided and false dilemma (Richards 142). The views presented by compatibilists, that free will exist with determinism, is consistent with my own and in this paper I show their argument and the objections presented by incompatibilists. The first question to pose is; are we free? Is there such thing as free will or choice? Most scholars have deliberated on the issue of free will or choice and the big question has sought to answer the question as to whether we are really free (Jaworski, Chap 13). The fact that I choose to stand by compatibilists view that free will exists in this paper, and not the reverse position is already an indication that I am free to choose. Free will is that ability of an agent or agents to make choices without control of factors from within or from without. The factors that have been put on spot regarding control are many including physical, psychological, metaphysical, social, economic, and political among other possible constraints in making a free choice (Jaworski, Chap 13). In the analysis of Clark (1999: 280)Â  the principle of free choice is controlled by ethics, religion, science and law and the implications are viewed

The Adventist Church National City Concert Report Research Paper

The Adventist Church National City Concert Report - Research Paper Example The concert was governed by a program, which, in my view, presented the event as become the most interesting. There were various items on the program, but were all characterized by intercessions of songs and plays. In particular, a story was told before a song followed. In my view, this aspect of intercession was meant to address audience boredom; hence, making the concert to be particularly interesting.Perhaps, one of the unique aspects of the concert was that its program featured a Midsummer night’s dream, which was recited production by F.Mendelssohn, which was based on the Shakespearean play. In this regard, there might also have been no interesting bit of the concert other than the music brought with it the history live on stage. The concert was attended by many people across various groups, including the interested locals and the tourists. The Midsummer night Dream featured Grossmont Symphony Orchestra, as well as the women of the Grossmont Master Chorale. Randal Tweed w as the music director, but also featured Darron Devillez, Bonin Zackary, Albert Bolina, Andra Nagby, Denise MaMillan, as some main actors, actress and soprano team. These are the figures the figures that are argued as the Most-attend-when-playing. Another interesting bit in the concert presentation is the fact that customs were highly highlighted. The presentation was that which took the audience to the life in the medieval societies, documenting the differences in the customs in the current world and the gone days.